美国皮肤科医生说，如何阻止青春痘形成

所以，你醒来时感觉好像脸上的某个地方形成了一个巨大的青春痘。但是当你跑到镜子前看时，什么也看不见。我们都去过那里——这就是地下囊性痘痘的现实。
So, you woke up feeling as if a behemoth of a zit had formed somewhere on your face. But when you ran over to the mirror to look, there was nothing in sight. We’ve all been there—such is the reality of underground cystic zits.

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虽然我们都可能做出了一个可怕的决定，试图亲自动手处理这样的痘痘，但我们也可能了解到，这几乎是你能为皮肤做的最糟糕的事情。毕竟，通常情况下，那些深深的、经常跳动的青春痘不会因操作而浮出水面，这意味着你唯一能摆脱挤压的就是大量的红肿和更长的恢复时间。这最终引出了一个问题：如何阻止青春痘的形成？为了找到答案，我们与三位获得董事会认证的皮肤科医生聊了聊，了解他们的最佳秘诀。继续滚动以将它们全部提交到内存中。
And while we’ve all likely made the horrible decision to try to get hands-on with such a zit, we’ve also likely learned that that’s just about the worst thing you can do for your skin. After all, more often than not, those deep, often throbbing pimples will not pop to the surface from manipulation, meaning the only thing you’ll get out of squeezing is a whole lot of redness and an even longer recovery time. This ultimately begs the question: How can you stop a zit from forming? To find out, we chatted with three board-certified dermatologists for their top tips. Keep scrolling to commit them all to memory.


认识专家
MEET THE EXPERT
医学博士蒂娜·阿尔斯特 (Tina Alster) 是华盛顿特区的一名获得董事会认证的皮肤科医生，也是 The A Method 的创始人和联合创始人。
医学博士 Michele Green 是纽约市的一名获得委员会认证的皮肤科医生。
Dendy Engelman 医学博士是纽约市的一名获得委员会认证的皮肤科医生。她是 Byrdie 美容与健康审查委员会的成员。
Tina Alster, MD, is a Washington, D.C.–based board-certified dermatologist and the creator and co-founder of The A Method.
Michele Green, MD, is a board-certified dermatologist based in New York City.
Dendy Engelman, MD, is a board-certified dermatologist based in New York City. She is a member of Byrdie's Beauty & Wellness Review Board.

保持皮肤清洁
Keep Your Skin Clean
如果你觉得长痘痘，你最不想做的就是让它有进一步恶化的理由。考虑到这一点，董事会认证的皮肤科医生蒂娜·阿尔斯特 (Tina Alster) 医学博士说，在试图阻止青春痘前进时，要尽可能保持皮肤清洁。
If you feel a pimple coming on, the last thing you want to do is give it reason to fester any further. With that in mind, board-certified dermatologist Tina Alster, MD, says to keep your skin as clean as possible when trying to halt a zit in its path.
“这个技巧不仅有助于防止这些爆发，它还可以减少爆发的持续时间和严重程度，”她解释道。 “因此，如果您感到青春痘正在形成，您需要确保正确清洁您的皮肤。记住，什么时候开始都不晚！”考虑到这一点，她建议使用含有乙醇酸、​​水杨酸和/或乳酸的清洁剂（如 Cetaphil 新推出的 Gentle Clear Clarifying Acne Cream Cleanser，9.99 美元），她说这不仅有助于清洁皮肤，还可以保持毛孔清除细胞碎片。
“Not only will this tip help to prevent those breakouts, it will also reduce the duration and severity of a breakout episode,” she explains. “So, if you feel a zit forming, you will want to make sure you are properly cleansing your skin. Remember, it's never too late to start!” With that in mind, she recommends using a cleanser formulated with glycolic, salicylic, and/or lactic acids (like Cetaphil’s new Gentle Clear Clarifying Acne Cream Cleanser, $9.99), which she says will not only help to clean the skin but also keep pores clear of cellular debris.

戴上干净的口罩
Wear a Clean Mask
“随着口罩的强制执行，我们的脸可能成为细菌的温床，”阿尔斯特说。 “面膜（面膜引起的痤疮）不仅会在表面突然爆发，还会在更深层的皮肤上产生那些痘痘。”原因是死皮细胞、表面细菌和汗水会被困在面具下及其纤维中。因此，如果您反复佩戴，您可能会无意中将皮肤暴露于引起痤疮的细菌中。换句话说，尽管它可能很方便，但 Alster 说要始终伸手去拿一个新的、干净的面罩。
“With ongoing mask mandates, our faces can become a breeding ground for bacteria,” says Alster. “Maskne (mask-induced acne) can not only produce a sudden outbreak on the surface but also spawn those zits that develop in deeper layers of the skin.” The reason being that dead skin cells, surface bacteria, and sweat get trapped under the mask, as well as within its fibers. So if you are a repeat wearer, you could be unintentionally exposing your skin to acne-causing bacteria. In other words, convenient as it may be, Alster says to always reach for a new, clean mask.


无论你做什么......不要触摸你的脸
Whatever You Do... Don't Touch Your Face
这不仅仅是为了避免爆痘——而是根本不触摸你的脸。毕竟，即使如今洗手液几乎总是触手可及，但细菌仍然存在于您的手指和手上，而触摸您的脸是意外传播细菌的最快方式。
It’s not just about trying to avoid popping a pimple—it’s about not touching your face at all. After all, even with hand sanitizer almost always in reach these days, bacteria still lives on your fingers and hands, and touching your face is the quickest way to accidentally transfer it.

但是，当我们谈论触摸的话题时，为了以防万一您不完全相信不要尝试弹出，董事会认证的皮肤科医生 Michele Green 医学博士有一个警告。
But, while we’re on the topic of touching, just in case you aren’t fully convinced not to try your hand at popping, board-certified dermatologist Michele Green, MD, has a word of warning.

“挤痘痘从来都不是一个好主意，但当痘痘尚未长出头时更是如此，”她解释道。 “因为青春痘没有直接与皮肤表面相连的通道，皮脂、死皮细胞和困在皮肤内的碎屑还不能成功提取。”因此，采摘和试图弹出可能会迫使这些碎片在表面下膨胀，这可能会导致感染，更不用说永久性疤痕了。所以，再次，放手！
“Popping a pimple is never a good idea, but even less so when the pimple has not yet come to a head,” she explains. “Because the pimple does not have a channel connecting it directly to the surface of the skin, the sebum, dead skin cells, and debris trapped inside the skin cannot be successfully extracted yet.” As a result, picking and attempting to pop can force that debris to swell under the surface, which can potentially lead to an infection, not to mention permanent scarring. So, again, hands off!

控制炎症
Control the Inflammation
囊性痘痘以其悸动、肿胀的性质而闻名——即使在看不到头的情况下也是如此。正是由于那些令人不舒服的副作用，人们才试图通过弹出来将事情掌握在自己手中。相反，格林建议使用热敷，这可以促使毛孔张开，从而减轻一些压力。不过，如果您更喜欢寒冷的温度，Alster 说，使用冰块还可以帮助缓解与愤怒的皮下痤疮相关的疼痛和刺激。
Cystic zits are known for their throbbing, swollen nature—even when there’s no head in sight. And it’s because of those uncomfortable side effects that folks try to take matters into their own hands by popping. Instead, Green recommends applying a warm compress, which can encourage pores to open up, which will relieve some of the pressure. If you prefer cold temperatures, though, Alster says that applying ice can also help to relieve pain and irritation associated with angry, under-the-surface acne.

用油平衡油
Balance Oil With Oil
现在这听起来可能违反直觉，但经过董事会认证的皮肤科医生 Dendy Engelman 医学博士说，在发炎区域涂抹面部油实际上可以帮助舒缓该部位。 “使用 Lord Jones Pore Detox CBD Face Oil（68 美元）平衡油脂分泌并清除毛孔，”她建议道。 “这是一种令人难以置信的保湿 CBD 面部油，它通过平衡皮脂（油）的产生和舒缓红肿，用蓝艾菊、茶树油和尼亚奥利油来帮助澄清皮肤。我建议将它纳入您的常规护肤程序，以随着时间的推移改善肤色，但它也适用于斑点治疗。”
Now this might sound counter-intuitive, but board-certified dermatologist Dendy Engelman, MD, says that applying a facial oil to the inflamed area can actually help soothe the spot. “Balance oil production and clear pores with Lord Jones Pore Detox CBD Face Oil ($68),” she recommends. “This is an incredible hydrating CBD facial oil that helps clarify skin by balancing sebum (oil) production and soothing redness with blue tansy, tea tree oil, and niaouli oil. I recommend incorporating it into your regular skincare routine to improve skin tone over time, but it also works great for spot treating.”

治疗痘痘区域
Treat the Area
说到处理该区域，有许多局部处理可以帮助处理表面下的肿块。
Speaking of treating the area, there are a number of spot treatments that can help with under-the-surface bumps.“来自我的品牌 The A Method by Tina Alster, M.D. 的 Zit Stopper 包含多种关键成分，可以从根部对抗顽固的粉刺，”Alster 分享道。 “用阿达帕林配制——以前只能通过处方获得——Zit Stopper 的作用正如其名：它可以阻止痘痘在皮肤下形成。阿达帕林有助于促进细胞更新，从而防止毛孔堵塞。氢化可的松成分将提供抗炎功效，以减少瑕疵周围发红和肿胀的出现。而且，添加甘油和透明质酸有助于确保皮肤保持水分、柔软和光滑。”
“Zit Stopper, from my brand The A Method by Tina Alster, M.D., contains several key ingredients that will combat stubborn acne at the root,” Alster shares. “Formulated with adapalene—previously available by prescription only—Zit Stopper does exactly as the name says: It stops zits from forming under the skin. Adapalene will help promote cell turnover, thus preventing pores from clogging. The hydrocortisone ingredient will provide anti-inflammatory benefits to reduce the appearance of redness and swelling around the blemishes. And, adding in glycerin and hyaluronic acid helps ensure that the skin stays hydrated, soft, and smooth.”
“在你能感觉到痘痘开始形成的区域进行痘痘治疗是在痘痘长到头部之前先行的好方法，”格林说，并指出对于她的易长痘痘的患者，她经常建议她自己的 MGSkinLabs 痤疮斑点治疗，它含有 5% 的过氧化苯甲酰，可以在痘痘失控之前处理任何瑕疵。
“Putting an acne spot treatment on the area where you can feel a pimple beginning to form is a great way to get ahead of an acne lesion before it comes to a head,” Green says, noting that for her acne-prone patients, she often suggests her own MGSkinLabs Acne Spot Treatment, which is formulated with 5% benzoyl peroxide to manage any blemishes before a breakout gets out of control.
Engelman 还建议使用基于过氧化苯甲酰的斑点处理。 “当您注意到粉刺开始形成时，人性化痤疮斑点治疗凝胶是一种很棒的快速解决方案，”她说。 “这种透明凝胶可深入皮肤，用过氧化苯甲酰杀死引起痤疮的细菌，并用富含抗氧化剂的植物药镇静发红。”
Engelman also recommends a benzoyl peroxide–based spot treatment. “Humane Acne Spot Treatment Gel is an awesome, quick solution when you notice a pimple starting to form,” she says. “This clear gel penetrates deeply into the skin, killing acne-causing bacteria with benzoyl peroxide and calming redness with antioxidant-rich botanicals.”

恩格尔曼发誓的另一个痘点治疗？痘痘贴。
Another spot treatment Engelman swears by? Pimple patches.

“青春痘贴片是阻止青春痘出现并在一夜之间治愈它们的绝佳方法，”她说。 “我推荐 ZitSticka™，它的贴片含有水杨酸和烟酰胺等成分，可快速清除毛孔并舒缓红肿。我也喜欢他们提供不同的贴片，旨在针对不同类型的青春痘； Killa™ Kit 非常适合早期和较深的痘痘，包括自溶贴片和预先浸泡的小毛巾，可帮助青春痘快速消退。”
“Pimple patches are an excellent way to stop pimples in their tracks and heal them overnight,” she says. “I recommend ZitSticka™, which packs its patches with ingredients like salicylic acid and niacinamide to quickly clear pores and soothe redness. I also like that they offer different patches designed to target different types of pimples; the Killa™ Kit is perfect for early-stage and deeper zits, and includes self-dissolving patches as well as pre-soaked towelettes to help pimples fade fast.”

将视黄醇添加到您的日常工作中
Add Retinol to Your Routine
请记住：阿达帕林是一种可以治疗痤疮的维生素 A 衍生物。视黄醇也是一种维生素 A 衍生物，是阿尔斯特防止痘痘完全形成的首选之一。 “视黄醇将有助于提高细胞更新率，”她解释说。 “反过来，这将有助于清除可能导致毛孔堵塞的死细胞。”
Remember: Adapalene is a vitamin A derivative that can treat acne. Retinol is also a vitamin A derivative and one of Alster’s top picks for preventing zits from becoming fully formed. “Retinol will help to increase the cell turnover rate,” she explains. “This, in turn, will help rid your skin of the dead cells that could be responsible for clogging pores.”

最后的收获
The Final Takeaway
即使采取了世界上所有的预防措施，有些人仍然会经历漫长的囊性痤疮时间表。
Even with all the prevention in the world, some people will still experience drawn-out cystic acne timelines.
如果您经常出现疼痛的“盲点”或不会消失的结节或囊肿，Alster 说去看皮肤科医生会有所帮助。 “注射可的松可能会有所帮助，或者您的皮肤科医生可以为您制定更加个性化的治疗计划，”她说。
If you have frequent, painful "blind breakouts" or a nodule or cyst that won't go away, Alster says that a trip to your dermatologist can help. “A cortisone injection may be helpful, or your dermatologist could set you up on a more individualized treatment plan,” she says.



美国皮肤科医生说，如何阻止青春痘形成
How to Stop a Zit From Forming, According to Derms